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Il rinascimento: Cardano, Tartaglia, del Ferro e le formule contese - Seconda parte

In the previous episode we left duelists Fior Tartaglia and ready for the big challenge in the crowded square by a grade crowd in front of witnesses, judges and notaries. Despite the apparent safety of themselves, when the judge gives the word, Tartaglia speaks with difficulty, and his tongue tripping over the words several times.

Why? The facial expression was just a mask worn to hide nervousness?

No. The reason is another. And the cases date back 23 years ago. When, in February 1512, the young twelve year old Nicholas is a witness of the invasion and plunder of Brescia by the French troops of Louis XII. But let us tell the same event to Tartaglia.

When French sacchegiorno Bressa them ... since I fled the dome with my mother and my sister ... In this church I was given five life-threatening injuries, including one he had through the mouth ... and I spent a good time that I could not utter a word, but always stammer when speaking to them that the little boys of my age I pe imposed nickname Tartaglia. And because my last name that lasted a long time, appeared to me want me to call de Niccolò Tartaglia.

But returning to the challenge with flowers, why the face looked serene was the mathematician Tartaglia of Brescia had solved all thirty of Fior problems within hours. Flower While he could not solve any of the issues proposed by Tartaglia.

The duel is resolved then a triumph for Nicholas. The crowd cheers. Besides the glory and fame, however, Tartaglia did not get a dime. Very decent indeed able to recite in one breath: "I renounce mail-in money, and I take the honor .

This episode reveals some of the features well enough character Tartaglia: a humble and proud that all his knowledge came solely from the efforts of his own. Maybe it was not a master in social relations but he was proud and basically honest.

Master Tartaglia instead it was something else. Had in fact been appointed master of abacus school at Verona. The abacus schools were taught mathematics. But math is a bit 'different from that  più astratta e speculativa che s'insegnava nelle università. Era la matematica necessaria alla pratica mercantile. E l'obiettivo principale di chi frequentava queste scuole era quello di imparare a risolvere problemi pratici. I salari dei maestri d'abaco però non è che fossero poi così ricchi.

Nel caso  del personaggio Gerolamo Cardano  osserviamo invece   delle caratteristiche che sono un po' all'opposto rispetto a quelle di Tartaglia . Il padre di Gerolamo era un famoso giurista e matematico pavese. E Gerolamo, frequentando le migliori scuole, era presto divenuto un medico molto richiesto. Cardano coltivava inoltre una grande passione per la matematica. E a 32 anni riuscirà a coronare anche questa sua passione ereditando da suo padre il ruolo di insegnante di matematica presso le scuole dell'ospedale maggiore di Milano.

Cardano diventerà quindi un medico milanese di successo nonché matematico, filosofo ed astrologo ma anche scaltro uomo di mondo con agganci potenti, doti da istrione ed abile nelle trame e nelle manipolazioni.

Tuttavia non siamo ancora arrivati a capire in che modo Cardano venne in possesso delle formule contese .

Dunque, poco before the duel with flowers, Tartaglia had moved to Venice, where he published the first Italian translation of Elements of Euclid . After the victory over Fior Tartaglia's reputation had spread rapidly. Cardano at that time was involved in the development of his treatise on algebra: the 'Ars Magna . The doctor Milan eyes sparkled when he heard that someone had found the quadratic formula for cubic equations . Then promptly sent one of his men in Venice, a Zuanantonio to investigate the discovery of Tartaglia. The year was 1539.

Z: His Excellency Hieronimo Cardano, Physician et readership of Mathematica in Milan, I plead that you can send him the rule that you have invented, and if it suits you to include in its next book under your name.

T: Referred to Your Excellency that when my invention will be published will be made in my work.

But Cardano did not give up and asks to go to Milan Tartaglia promising the favor and protection of a powerful the Marchese del Vasto . Tartaglia, not known to ride, not able to resist an offer so flattering.
Poor Nicholas then went to Milan but Marquis did not even see the shadow. It is instead the victim of sophisticated techniques of persuasive Cardano. Niccolò withstand several times the demands of the shrewd Jerome. Tartaglia said So what will be the last request of Cardano :

I swear to Of Sacred Evangelia, et gentil'huomo from real not only by those not publish your invention ever, but I promise Anchora, et real commitment from my Christian faith by notarmela in zifera, so that by then my death will not mean any. If you now believe me fine, otherwise patience.

Cardano brings up the Christian faith! Very sensitive subject in those days. Now that makes Tartaglia? Resists trampling Cardano's faith? Or gives revealing the formula?

We'll find out in the third part ...

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